Essential Skills for Higher Education and Healthcare: A Reflection

AbstractThis pondering essay aimed to posit the key familiarity and gaps in knowledge and practice of a learner nurse. The Gibbs form of reflection was used to evaluate and analyse the learning call for of the author. An action plan is presented at the end of the essay to demonstrate the learning aims and activities haveed to achieve these aims. These are needed to prepare the author in her future(a) snip as a registered nurse.IntroductionReflection allows disciple nurses and health business organisation practitioners improve current and future nurse practice by learning from ones experiences (Bulman and Schutz, 2013). This essay aims to present a reflective account on my intention as a assimilator in health education and as a future healthcare practitioner. Gibbs (1988) model of reflection will be used to reflect on my experiences as a student nurse.DescriptionMy work as a health Care Assistant in the past six years helped me fall to pursue a care for education. I was able to work in a busy environment and experience working with endurings with divergent heathen background and a multi heathen healthcare team up. Seeing diligents improve as a emergence of the care they receive from healthcare professionals was one of the unpatternedial events that helped me decide to flummox a nurse. My life as a student nurse is challenging since I have to balance family life with work and my studies. I have to demonstrate key nursing skills, work a sovereign and supreme learner, take responsibilities, manage my season and follow rules and regulations of the university. I in like manner have to prepare myself to become a future healthcare practitioner. For instance, I have to acquire skills to meet the physiologic, psychological, spiritual and social require of my patients. I as well as have to ensure that care received by my patients is evidence-based. In addition, I have to achieve the competencies required by the care for and Midwifery Councils (NMC, 2008) code of do.FeelingsI am excited in my new role as a student nurse. My training in the past has been in accounting and business and my career shift brings both(prenominal) challenges. However, I am happy pursuing what I love to do. fleck I am passionate with my new role, I am also aware that becoming a nurse requires extensive training and study. Hence, I want to gear up skills such as becoming an independent and self-directed learner in pitch to succeed as a student nurse. I also need to demonstrate key skills in order to prepare myself to become a registered nurse. At times, I am distressed if I would be able to acquire all the skills needed to become an effective nurse. For instance, I feel that communicating with patients with several(predicate) ethnic backgrounds could be a challenge. man I was able to witness how nurses conduct with patients of different ethnic backgrounds, I am aware that this would non be sluttish in actual practice. I also fee l that I need to get skills on how to deliver patient-centred care this is holistic.Analysis and Evaluation developing the self-directed and independent learning style is crucial during the undergraduate nursing years. Kaufman and Mann (2010) suggest that problem based learning is common in checkup checkup education and helps students to become independent learners. Learning styles differ amongst adult learners. Biggs and bladder fucus (2007) emphasise that an individuals learning style is a result of affective, physical and cognitive factors. An individuals learning preference is influenced by motivation, cognitive style, attitude, personality and a students stage of nurture (Cassidy, 2004 Biggs and Tang, 2007). On reflection, I have to consider my own motivation and cognitive style in order to become a successful independent learner. I also have to rule my own stage of growth as a student.Learners are identified into at least four types of learners. These are the visual, a ural, teach, write and kinaesthetic learners (Cassidy, 2004). During independent learning, students should be able to secernate their learning style in order to optimise the learning process. On reflection, I learn best through observation (visual), reading and musical composition (R) and practicing what I wise to(p) (K). I can use all forms during self-directed learning. For instance, I can participate in simulation training to foresee the skills that I need to learn. Next, I can read on the subject field and write a reflection or notes on what I learned. Finally, I can report my learning to my supervisors or mentors through presenting clinical skills. While self-directed learning is only one method employed in my nursing curriculum as a means to acquire knowledge and skills, this learning method is very important in my future role as a nurse.It should be noted that the nurse and Midwifery Councils (NMC, 2008) code of conduct stresses the splendor of providing feel eviden ce-based care to my patients. To meet the competencies contained in the NMCs code of conduct, it is necessary that I inform my current nursing practice with current evidence from published literature. This is also emphasised in the NMC (2010) standards for nursing students in the UK. Evidence-based care (Greenhalgh, 2010) is described as the type of care supported by findings from published literature, personal experiences, expert opinion and patient experiences. Becoming an independent learner will help me in future role as a nurse since this will help me seem for literature and evidence on the current and best form of preventative for proper(postnominal) healthcare conditions.Apart from becoming an independent learner, I also realised the sizeableness of developing my colloquy skills. The NMCs code of conduct states the importance of developing empathy to patients and providing them with quality care. This is only possible with effective confabulation (Purden, 2005). Barcla y et al. (2007) suggest that effective communication is possible if patients have learned to consider their healthcare practitioners and are allowed to participate in healthcare decision-making. Communication involves audition to both verbal and non-verbal messages of the patients and identifying their healthcare needs (Barclay et al., 2007). It is noteworthy that language barriers may become a deterrent to effective communication (Leonard et al., 2004). This is especially evident when patients and nurses have different ethnic background (Leonard et al., 2004). These differences may contribute to mistaking especially if patient education is not ethnicly keen or nurses fail to consider the patients preferences, heathen background, tradition and beliefs onwards introducing an intervention.As a student nurse, I am aware of the importance of communication and why it is necessary for me to develop communication skills that are sensitive to my patients culture, traditions and belie fs. Developing these skills during my student years will help me become more(prenominal) sensitive to the needs of my patients. It has been presentationn (Barclay et al., 2007) that effective communication is a prerequisite to quality care. Many patients (Majumdar et al., 2004) express that the time nurses spent with them allowed them to communicate their feelings and needs make better since they were able to communicate in an unhurried environment. On reflection, it is necessary that as a student nurse, I will learn how to listen to my patients and determine their needs. It is also essential that I receive training on how to develop cultural sensitivity when dealing with patients with different ethnicity. Majumdar et al. (2004) stress the importance of designation patients with different ethnicity to healthcare workers who share similar ethnic background. However, this might not be achieved in all instances in actual healthcare settings. Hence, it is essential that nurses shou ld be trained on how to develop cultural sensitivity.On reflection, I also learned the importance of developing skills on how to promote psychological, social, emotional, physical and spiritual care of patients. As a student nurse, I am static beginning to develop these skills and understand that it will take time to develop all these skills. I realised that these skills are best learned when working with other healthcare professionals. Hence, it is crucial that I learn how to fall in effectively with other healthcare workers. Apart from developing effective communication skills, I also need to learn how to work with others and manage conflicts during meetings. It is suggested that conflicts (Leonard et al., 2004) do not lead to poor team working but provides an hazard for team members to choose the best form of intervention for a specific healthcare condition. Conflicts also allow team members to view an issue from different perspectives.ConclusionIn conclusion, there are many skills that I still need to develop as a nursing student preparing to become a registered nurse in the future. To date, I need to hone my skills in independent or self-directed learning. I also need to develop communication skills, cultural sensitivity and learn how to collaborate effectively with other team members. All these skills are necessary to help me observe the NMCs code of conduct and gain competencies for registered nurses in the UK.Action excogitationThe future(a) are the objectives of my action planImprove skills on how to carry out independent or self-directed learning. Develop communication skills. Develop cultural sensitivity. Learn how to collaborate effectively with team members Table 1. Action Plan AimActivitiesWeek(s)Mentor/Supervisor Comment(s) Improve skills on how to carry out independent or self-directed learningEngage in self-directed learning on specific topics in nursing.1-4 Develop communication skillsAttend simulations on how to communicate effectivel y with patients suffering from inveterate or acute conditions Observe/shadow senior nurses on how they communicate with patients suffering from different conditions5-8 Develop cultural sensitivityAttend simulations on how to develop cultural sensitivity watch videos showing nurses demonstrate cultural sensitivity when condole with for patients with different ethnic background shadow senior nurses and observe how they show cultural sensitivity to patients with different ethnicity9-12 Learn how to collaborate effectively with team membersBecome part of healthcare teams/ shadow healthcare teams and observe how they collaborate with from each one other13-16References Barclay, J., Blackhall, L. & Tulsky, J. (2007) Communication strategies and cultural issues in the delivery of bad news. Journal of alleviator Medicine. 10(4). p. 958-977.Biggs, J. & Tang, C. (2007) Teaching for quality learning at university. 3rd ed. England and New York connection for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press.Bulman, C. & Schutz, S. (2013) Reflective Practice in Nursing. 5th ed. London John Wiley & Sons.Cassidy, S. (2004) Learning styles An overview of theories, models and measures. Educational Psychology. 24(4). p. 419-444.Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford Further Educational Unit, Oxford Polytechnic.Greenhalgh, T. (2010) How to read a paper the basics of evidence-based medicine. 4th ed. Chichester Wiley-Blackwell.Jarvis, P. (2010) Adult education and lifelong learning Theory and Practice. London Routledge.Kaufman, D. & Mann, K. (2010) Teaching and learning in medical education. In Swanwich, T. (ed.). Understanding medical education. ASME Blackwell Publishing.Leonard, M., Graham, S. & Bonacum, D. (2004) The human factor the critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care. BMJ Quality & Safety. 13. p. i85-i90.Majumdar, B., Browne, G., Roberts, J. & Carpio, B. (2004) Effects of cult ural sensitivity training on health care provider attitudes and patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 6(2). p. 161-166.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2010) Standards for pre-registration nursing education. London incision of Health.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) The Code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London Nursing and Midwifery Council.Purden, M. (2005) Cultural considerations in interprofessional education and practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care. 19(1). p. 224-234.

Assessment of overhead costs Essay

If a end was made to outsource the multiplex manufacturing, then the strikes of the Bridgestone Industries will show important difference and even reductions in the level of overhead cost. The overhead pertaining to the take and benefits for the non skilled force would descend as the outsourcing of the product broth would restrict the need for the non skilled personnel department in the capacities of trucks and janitors by a piffling-scale shareage level.The overhead associated with the salaried personnel, including the benefits would also decrease as on that point would be no need to hire or pay personnel to work on the copy suck. The takings supplies overhead which includes work gadgets, tools and equipment comparable gloves, safety goggles and packing material etc would also reduce as the multiplex line would not require such payoff supplies if outsourced. The overheads associated with the small technical tools would also reduce as the need for such tools woul d no longer be presented by the manifold line, if the line is to be outsourced to a third party.The usage of the utilities like coal, gas and electricity used to lug the manufacturing process of manifold would also be eliminated as an expenditure. indeed the overhead associated with this expense would also be evidentially reduced. On the other make it the wages of the no achievement employees and the benefits provided to them might not decrease. Any decrease in this overhead would be minimal as the non product employees argon not greatly impacted by the outsourcing of a production line as opposed to the production associated employees and personnel.Similarly the deprecation conducted on the retention and the taxes would not reduce and can remain stable as the airscrew is sh ard by all product lines and as long as the other two product lines are operating, the depreciation overhead would motionless occur at the same account. The expenses related to constant personnel for t he training, travel, and unification representation would also considerably reduce as the number of personnel employed will decrease with the outsourcing of the manifold product line.The project expense of the setup and arrangement of spic-and-span equipment and machinery would not be a step-down overhead as this expense is effect by purchase of new equipment and not by the operating theater of a product line. The overhead associated with the benefits provided to employees in terms of overtime payment, on an hourly basis, state unemployment and the pension provided to employees and undertaking at the troupe would not reduce by a significant amount.Instead this expense can add-on as more multitude are laid off or provided early retirement if the manifold line is outsources. Similarly the benefits of this kind provided to the skilled hourly workers specifically those associated with production will also reduce in the long term repayable to the outsourcing of the manifold produc ing. The reduction of this overhead would be due to the reduction in the employee/ labor strength in the production department which would reduce the expenses of benefits for the labor. Estimated Proposed Budget.In order to effectively reckon for the year 1991, considering the manifold line is outsourced to a third party for manufacture, substantial assumptions had to be made. These assumptions pertained included adjusting the estimates of the active production lines at Bridgestone Industries with the incremental growth trend for their individual costs. The costs increase form year to year due to inflation and the changes in the consumer price index index. As a result it is important to adjust any forecasted figures for the respective growth trend of the costs and tax revenues.It has also been assumed that by outsourcing the manifold production line, the come with is able to eliminate the costs associated with manifold production line labor, the direct materials used by the ma nifold production line and the overheads that were contributed to by the manifold production online. Another assumption that is made in the proposed budget is that even though the ships company has outsourced its operations for the manifold production line. The company is still selling the products by purchasing them from the outsourcing company and providing them to the travel manufacturers in the United States.As a result the sales revenue is forecasted even though the costs associated are eliminated and not considered. Moreover the costs associated with outsourcing are not incorporated in the budget as they are no longer part of the manufacturing/ productions department. The following is the proposed budget for the year 1991 which considers the manifold production line to be outsourced while no additional production line is dropped by the Bridgestone Industries. Proposed Budget for the year 1991 USD (000) 1991 Sales supply Tanks 87,378.Manifolds 97,031 Doors 52,681 Mufflers/Ex hausts oil colour Pans 237,089 Direct Material Fuel Tanks 17,693 Manifolds Doors 17,414 Mufflers/Exhausts Oil Pans 35,107 Direct Labor Fuel Tanks 4,788 Manifolds Doors 3,084 Mufflers/Exhausts Oil Pans 7,872 Overheads 1000 3,093 1500 3,229 2000 1,152 3000 768 4000 4,049.5000 11,043 8000 2,039 9000 3,261 11000 1,650 12000 8,543 14000 4,418 43,246 The proposed budget that has been drawn up significantly depicts that if the company opts to outsource the manifolds production line in the year 1991, then the company is able to observe significance reductions in its operating costs and overheads. Therefore it can be mentioned that by outsourcing the manifold production line the company can experience cost savings and better revenue levels.The proposed budget for the year 1991 indicates that the Sales forecast increased to $237 million while the direct material based costs are forecasted to be at $35 million. The forecast of the direct labor employed for the active production lines would be at $7 million only while the total overheads for the operation would be equivalent to 2 million only. The overhead burden rate in the year 1991 as a result is reduced to 307 percent with the allocated overhead for the fuel tanks production line at $26 million while the production line for manufacturing the rear and social movement doors would be at approximately $17 million.

Long term financing

The slap-up market you may remember deals with bonds and stocks. Within the non bad(p) market there exists both a primary and a subaltern market. A primary market is a new issues market. It is here that working dandy rose done the sale of new securities flow from the buyers of securities to the issuers of securities. In a secondary market, alive securities be bought and sold. Transactions in these already existing securities do not provide supererogatory funds to finance capital investment.A large union typically raises funds both taphouselically and privately. With a public issue, securities ar sold to hundreds and often thousands of investors under a formal contract overseen by federal and state regulatory authorities. A private placement on the some other hand, is made to a trammel number of investors, sometimes only one, and with considerably less regulation. An example of a private placement might be a give by a small group of insurance companies to a corporati on. Thus, the two types of certification issues differ primarily in the number of investors involved and in the regulations disposal issuance.When a ships company opted for expansion, it obviously must be financed. Often the semen money (i.e. the initial funding) comes from the founders and their families and friends. For some companies, this is sufficient to get things launched, and by retaining future(a) earnings they need no more external rightfulness financing. For others infusions of additional external beauteousness be necessary.Venture bully venture capital represents funds invested in a new enterprise. Wealthy investors and financial institutions ar the major sources of venture capitals. Debt funds are sometimes provided, but it is in general common stock that is involved. This stock is al close to always initially move privately.Initial Public Offerings If the enterprise is successful, the haveers may want to take the company public with a sale of common stock to outsiders. Often this appetency is prompted by venture capitalists, who want to realize a specie call up on their investment. In another situation, the founders may simply want to record a value, and liquidity, for their common stock. Initial Public Offerings are accomplished through underwriters.Bonds a bond is a dour landmark debt instrument with a final maturity generally being 10 years or more. If the security has a final maturity shorter than 10 years, it is usually called a note. To fully understand bonds, we must be beaten(prenominal) with certain basic terms and common features. Par value for a bond represents the do to be paid the lender at the bonds maturity.It is likewise called face value or principal. Coupon esteem is the interest range on a bond for example a 13% coupon rate indicates that the issuer will pay bondholders $ 130 per annum for every $ snow0 equivalence value bond that they hold. Bonds almost always have a give tongue to maturity. This i s the time when the company is obligated to pay the bondholder the par value of the bond. prefer stocks it is a hybrid form of financing, combining features of debt and common stock. In the emergence of liquidation a preferred stockholders claim on additions comes after that of creditors but before that of common stock holders. Usually, this claim is qualified to the par value of the stock, if the par value of a share of preferred stock is $100, the investors will be entitled to a maximum of $100 in settlement of the principal amount.Term loans commercial banks are a primary source of term financing. Two features of a bank term loan distinguish it from other types of melodic phrase loans. showtime, a term loan has a final maturity of more than 1 year. Second it most often represents credit extended under a formal loan agreement. For the most part, these loans are repayable in tipic installments. Quarterly, semiyearlyly, or annual that covers both interest and principal.Lease f inancing a lease is a contract by its terms the owner of an asset (the lessor) gives another ships company (the lessee) the exclusive right to use the asset, usually for a specific period of time, in return for the payment of rent. Most of us are familiar with leases of houses, apartments, officers or automobiles. Recent decades have seen an enormous growth in the leasing of business assets, such(prenominal) as cards and trucks, computers, machinery and even manufacturing plants.An obvious advantage, the lessee incurs several obligations. First and foremost is the obligation to make periodic lease payments, usually monthly or quarterly. Almost, the lease contact specifies who is to maintain the asset.The finale to borrow rests on the relative timing and magnitude of exchange flows. Under the two financing alternatives, as well as on the discount rate employed. To tax whether or not a proposal for financing makes economic find one should compare the proposal with financing the a sset with debt.ReferencesNeil Seitz and Mitch Ellison (2004), Capital Budgeting and semipermanent Financing DecisionsRichard H. Bernhard, (2005), Capital Budgeting and Long-Term Financing Decisions, 2d edRobert G. Beaves (2005), Capital Budgeting and Long-Term Financing Decisions.Long Term FinancingIt offers powerful and intuitively pleasing predictions about how to measure luck and the relation between expect return and risk. The risk in this model comprise of systematic risk content risk undiversifiable risk or market risk. This sticker fundamentally takes into account assets sensitivity to non-diversifiable risk RE (Capital asset pricing model From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).Earlier pricing models do not reflect changes in financial markets but with the emergence of monetary set Models in form of Capital Pricing Models and Discounted Cash Flow models, changes in financial market, risk and return on individual investment end be easily ascertained RE ( http//www.busines s.uiuc.edu/s-darcy/present/ratemake.ppt256,1,Ratemaking A Financial Economics Approach).CAPM is based on certain assumptions such as investors should be rational, fixed quantity of assets, perfect efficient capital markets, production plans are fixed, no inflation, no change in level of interest rate, mistakable expectation. However having numerous advantage of this model it is also affected by certain limitations and based on certain assumptions which does not perfectly exists.As it fails to appear adequate variation in stock returns, it assumes that there are no taxes or transaction exist which is not equal in prevailing market situation. It assumes all assets of fixed quality which bath neer be possible, every market is not perfectly efficient, it varies on the primer of several factors. Inflation makes direct effect on the interest rate so can it be possible to remain unaffected with such change.In comparison to previous Model, Discounted Cash Flow Model (DCF) helps to je ll that what one person is willing to pay today in collection to obtain the expected exchange flow in future years. In short, it can be said that Discounted cash Flow Model is the method of conversion of futures earning in todays money. DCFM helps in calculation of cash needed to be invested to receive expected cash flow in future years. The DCFM reflects following Reference-1. The time Value of money means investor must be compensated for the delay of their cash flow.Risk bounty states that investor can demand high amount in form compensation. The recognise inputs in Discounted Cash Flow Model are discount rate, cash flows and growth to get future cash flows. This model helps in determine the companys current value according to its estimated future cash flows. DCFM is an important tool in making judgment about company performance. However DCFM are powerful, but they have certain limitations as they are limited to mechanical valuation, small changes in inputs may proceeds in l arge changes in the value of a company. DCFM are not suitable for short term investment as it focus on long term investing RE (http//pages.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/dcfinput.pdf).So, from the study of both the model it can be concluding that both are suitable at their own place subject to consideration of certain assumption and limitation.The companys evaluates various debts form _or_ system of government and dividend policy to arrive at final decision so that maximum benefit can be provided to company, shareholder, creditors or other persons. To valuate debts and equities various theories are discussed in connection with the sum of debt or equity needed in the organization. Cost of capital play a very important role in selection of the amount of debt and equity such as cost of debt, cost of preference shares, cost of debentures, cost of common shares etc.Then to identify factors which affect capital bodily mental synthesis such as political risk, cash flows, discount rate a nd storehouse value. Calculation of net present value, interest rate of return and alter net present value is done to ascertain the suitability of capital budget. So first, cash flow forecasting is to be done by adopting various principles. Then categorization of cash require is made in form of shorter cash, medium term and long term. Then the capital structure is decided by considering various aspects such as cost of equity capital.Then after having profits the company decide whether whole or part of profit is distributed. The factors should be considered while taking the decision policy decision. Then procedure for payment of dividend is sketched and then impact of divided is renowned on the position of shareholders RE (http//www.cma-srilanka.org/pub/professionalII.pdf).Hence it is clear from the rating of debt/equity mix and dividend policy that how much they are necessary to sanction companys position. Therefore it is advisable that there must be judicious mixture of debt a nd equity that must add value by reducing taxes and strengthening management as too much debt result in heavy loss of business and perhaps a pricey organization.REFERENCEReferred to sites-1. http//www.business.uiuc.edu/s-darcy/present/ratemake.ppt256, 1, Ratemaking A Financial Economics ApproachRatemaking A Financial economies Approach2. http//www.biu.ac.il/soc/sb/stfhome/lauterbah/794/part6/fama_capm.pdfThe Capital Asset Pricing Model Theory and EvidenceEugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French3. http//www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_dcf.htmlDCF method Discounted Cash Flow4. http//www.cma-srilanka.org/pub/professionalII.pdfInternal Control & Risk Management (ICR)Dated 28th direful 2007

Morality Play Pattern in Pride and Prejudice

Austen is particularly unusual among virtue ethicists come outgoing and present in according amiableness so much importance, even up though it is so obviously central to most peoples lives working, if not living, in close con comelyment with others with whom one must and should get along. Austen presents these virtues as not merely a necessary accommodation to difficult circumstances, but as superior to the invidious vanity and pride of the rich and titled, which she often mocks.So, inPride and Prejudice, Elizabeth white avens rejects Darcys haughty condescension out of hand the riant termination must wait until Darcy comes to see beyond her lowly connections and unaristocratic discretion and fully recognise her true ( buttoned-down) virtue. That is a virtuous happy ending even more than it is a romanticistic one. Like any nigh(a) virtue ethicist, Austen proceeds by giving illustrative examples. This is why her characters ar moral rather than psychological constructs.Auste ns purpose is not to explore their internal lives, but to expose particular moral pathologies to the aid of the makeer. Dont act interchangeable this Dont cut off your relatives without a penny after promising your stupefy you would look after them and stillify it with self-serving casuistic rationalisations (as bath Dashwood does inSense and Sensibility). Dont be standardised this Mor in ally incontinent manage Mrs Bennet or struck through with a single huge flaw, like Mr Bennets selfish wish to live a private life magic spell being the head of a family (Pride and Prejudice).But as comfortably as excoriating such obvious though conventional moral failings of human nature, Austen attends c atomic number 18fully, and with a fine brush, to illustrating the fine detail, and fine-tuning, that true virtue requires. To show us what true amiability should be, she shows us what it isnt quite. Fanny Price, the heroine ofMansfield Park, is so excessively amiable as to puke her avow dignity and interests at risk, so self-effacing that her true come more or little doesnt notice her (until events intervene).Mr Bingleys amiability inPride and Prejudiceis pitch perfect, but fails to class between the deserving and undeserving. Emma, meanwhile, is very discriminating, but she is a snob just about it she is rather too conscious of her social status and does not actually respect others as she should (which, of course, gets her into trouble). Then thither are the illustrations of what virtuous behavior looks like. Here one sees why the plot is so firmly in the authors hands, not the characters.Austen is primarily concerned with setting up particular scenes moral trials in which we can see how virtuous characters be halt in examination circumstances. These moral lessons to the reader are the parts she gave the most exacting attention to where her words are perfectly chosen and sparkling with intelligence and buddy-buddy moral insight. These are the parts that she actually cared about the rest the rituals of the romantic comedy genre and social realism is just background.We see Austens characters navigating the rough attentions and comments of boors, fools and cads with decorum and dignity Indeed, brother, your anxiety for our welfare and prosperity carries you too far, Elinor chastises John Dashwood, ever so politely inSense and Sensibility. In each novel we see Austens central characters working through moral problems of all kinds, weighing up and considering what propriety requires by talking it through to themselves or trusted friends.We see them learning from their mistakes, as Elizabeth and Darcy both learn from their premature mistakes about his character (Pride and Prejudice). We even see them engaging in explicit, almost technical, moral philosophy analysis, such as debating to what extent Frank Churchill should be considered virtuously responsible for his failure to visit Highbury (Emma), to the evident boredom of the less morally developed characters stuck in the same room as them.Austen carries out her mission of moral education with flair and brilliance, while charitably respecting the interests and capacities of her readers (which is why she is so much more readable than most moral theorists who, like Kant, seem often to write as if understanding is the readers problem). Yet there is one further striking feature that sets Austens novels apart hermoral gaze. The omniscient author of her books sees right through people to their moral character and exposes and dissects their follies, flaws and self-deceptions.I cannot read one of her novels without thinking with a shiver about what that penetrating moral gaze would reveal if directed at myself. This is virtue ethics at a different level about moral vision, not just moral content. Austen shows us how to look at ourselves and analyse and identify our own moral character, to meet Socratess challenge to Know thyself. We have all the knowledge w e need to look at ourselves this way, to see ourselves as we really are we have an authors omniscient access to the details of our own lives but we broadly speaking prefer not to open that box.Indeed, academic moral philosophers since the enlightenment have collaborated with this natural aversion by collectively turning their attention forth from uncomfortable self-examination and towards elaborating coherent systems of rules that any agent should follow. Yet denotation Austen shows the ultimate ineffectiveness of this strategy. I do not believe that all the sophisticated Kantian and utilitarian theory in the world could apology you for long from Austens moral gaze.We should read Austen today because she is wise as well as clever, and because she teaches us how to live well not just how to cope well. We should read beyond thedelicious ritualsof her romantic comedy plots to her deeper interests and purposes in creating her morally complex characters and setting them on display for us. We should read beyond her unquestioned literary genius, and her place in the history of literary innovations and influences, to her unrecognised philosophical genius in elaborating and advancing a moral philosophy for our bourgeois times.

The value of friendship

True intimacy is bingle of the or so all-important(prenominal) asset that humankind has and rightful(a) friendship surpass any obstructor and test of magazines. We argon born as social beings and no human screwing live al whizz like an island.Although this is taken literally most of the times, no one understands the honor of those around you not until you are left hand alone one day in a situation you consume help. Grieve (2008) assert that in every aspect of our life, we interact with mint in different ways. It is through interaction with people that we are interact to the society. However it is not everyone in our life that we get along with.There are individuals who we become c sustain confidants to, who we can term as current friends. Although it is unwashed to make and lose friends, there are friends who have a salient impact in our life and whose memory lives to our old age. These are who we auspicate true friends. True friends are hard to come by and when we lose them, we do feel that a part of us has been taken away.A true friend is one who is ready to sincerely do anything for you in nurse of your friendship. However most of the times we take our friendship for granted and we may not be committed to like our friends are. According to Donegani et al., (2006) despite this, true friendship lead survive all odds and the bond betwixt the two friends survives beyond the reason for the end of their friendship.True friends are bonded by a strong bond in a way that although they may be separated psychically, their subject matters longs for the some other and what remains in their friendship is the melancholy memories of the times they shared together.A wise saying says no one hunchs the value of water until the well dries and this can be applied to our friends. We never know the value of our friends not until we are separated. As we said, most of the time will be taking our friendship casually not realizing their value in our life.How ever when we are separated, we start seeing difference in our life. Lonely moments starts crawl in our life and we snuff it long days thinking near the good times we had before. Although we may try our foot in reservation other friends, we never fell satisfied. We still miss the days we spend with our friends. It is true to assert that true friendship surpass any obstruction and test of timesDuring my spicy school days, I learnt the value of friendship in the hard way. I was sad and nongregarious girl in my childhood as I grew at home as the only child. My parents were both(prenominal) full time workers and I spent most of my time in the house alone.My life brightened when I went to school as I interacted with other children and made friends. Among the friends I made in my junior school, Jane could be considered as a true friend. Our friendship blossomed as we were in the very(prenominal) build and lived in the comparable neighborhood. We spent our time together, played t ogether, ate together, and bonded the same bus to school our friendship was the center of our life.We were close confidant with one another and we shared our innermost feeling. Furthermore we were display cased by the same condition at home since Jane was still the only child in the family and her parents were full time worker.When we were not in school, we spent our time together either in our home or in their home. I cute distri howeverively and every moment I spent with Jane. I matt-up a different person in her company, my eyes brimmed with happiness and my heart was filled with joy like child curdled by her mother. I felt like Jane was my sister and I real took her like my sister.On our birthday, we showered each(prenominal) other with gifts and up to date, I still have the old shuttlecock that she bought me on my eight birthdays. However, fate had it that our friendship would not grow beyond out middle classes. When we went to high school, things changed rapidly which left me a lonely person in life.I have come to believe that very cunning things which you value most in you life are the one which you are most likely to lose and in a more inhumane way. I did not think that our friendship with Jane be broken by any third party.However this came to in our first year in high school. Our parents had decided to take us to the same high school since they completed the value of our friendship and they encouraged us to be there for each other. One day, Jane came running to be in a very upbeat mood. I could see that she was very excited and she told me that something very wonderful had happened in her life.I was very happy to see my friend that much excited merely little did I know that the unfolding risings would change our friendship and affect me in a great way. Jane informed that she had fallen in love with yard, who was a new boy just admitted to the school. She informed me that Kelvin had approached her and she cold not resist since she had strong feeling towards him.I advised her close the difficulties she may face dealing with her boyfriend and committing her time to education but she assured me that she would manage it. Upon pondering the news, I told her that this was her decision but I cautioned her to be very careful. She promised me that she would be extra careful and would not pay on her educational goal of becoming a doctor. However, I had one concern about our friendship.I felt that Jane would spend most of her time with her new boyfriend. With a judgmentful expression, I asked Jane Is your new friendship going to a break up our close friendship? Jane looked at me and replied straight to my face Dont by like that, of course you know that I love you more that anything. You are my best friend and nothing can separate us.Dont you believe me? for something thins were as usual but with time I noted that Jane was avoiding my companionship and she was spending more time with her boyfriend. I started feeling sadder and lonely. My childhood days crawled back in my life. When I thought about the words Jane had uttered straight to my face, I felt she was a liar and she did not value me at all. With time, our friendship died away and I felt sadder.One day, Jane borrowed my book and she lost it. I could not control my exasperation and I hurled words at there calling her a liar and untrustworthy friend. She reiterated and hit me hard with her lunch box. Our friendship was as all of a sudden as a dodo.Only melancholic memories of our past that remained, hunting me on day-to-day bases. This was just the begging and more lonely days came when were separated by and by high school. However, true friendship does not end and although you may be separated physically, you are together at heart.

What Impact Does Tourism Have in Coastal Areas in Spain

Impacts of throne phaetonry in coastal atomic number 18as of Spain Sabine Alma 213772 Group TTM1M 2012 2012 Table of contents solvent 3 Introduction 5 What is pickle touring carry and how did tourerry go up in Spain? 5 What are the heathenish and affable jolts of touristry in the coastal res publicas in Spain? 6 What clash does pile tourism endure on the deliverance and milieu in Spain? 7 closing 9 rank sheet10 Reference list12 Declaration I declare that * I composed this work This work has non been accepted in any previous application for a tip or diploma by me or anyone else * All sources of my in somaation have been ac acquaintanced Date Name Signature Word Count What encroachment does tourism have in coastal areas in Spain, since late 1950s? Introduction According to Bram headspring (2004) a third of the income of the Mediterranean comes from the tourism sector, as tourism is in the first place concentrated in the coastal areas of Spain. Nowadays, tourism is indispensable. This pertlysprint focuses on the impact that lot tourism has on the coastal areas in Spain.Bram substantially (2004) states that since 1960, there has been a major appendage in the tourism sector. Tourists who go to Spain especially travel to the Spanish coasts. In addition, the actor argues that tourism has an impact on these areas and this paper will analyse impacts on the coastal areas. First, mass tourism will be defined and discussed, as it is very authoritative to know what it means in order to understand the topic. Secondly, the cultural and societal impacts of mass tourism in the Spanish coast are stated. Lastly, the outcomes of the question will be explained in the conclusion.What is mass tourism and how did tourism arrive in Spain? According to Wahab and Pigram (1997) mass tourism consists of three basic parts which concerns principally cooperative group of travelling, cooperative accommodation and mindful integration of the holiday mak er in a group of travellers (Wahab & Pigram, 1997). pageboy and Connell (2009) claims that mass tourism is, a high raft of tourism that appeals to a large trade (p ). Further more than, they remark that it bay window change the area and its state which also concerns the coastal areas in Spain.According to Gonzales (1996) general Franco dedicated his regime to the promotion of tourism as the main financial program in order to conquer the issues of their payments poverty in the country. Bramwell (2004) states that foreign investment tourism has split uped expeditious centred in the main on the recreational zones of the Mediterranean coastline areas. Therefore, Bramwell (2004) maintains that international mass tourism began to develop in the coastal areas and islands of the Mediterranean Europe in the decades of the late mid-fifties.The absolute majority signifi whoremastert characteristics of Spanish tourism after the Second World state of war have been experiencing rapid gr owth in the visitor numbers and the combining of domestic and inbound middle and depleteder-class social groups, fit in to Bramwell (2004). The author discovered that large expansion in tourism came after the 1950s and the visitors totalled 47,7 million by the year 1986. Additionally, Spanish domestic tourism has pay considerably to the growth of mass tourism (Bramwell, 2004).Bramwell (2004) discovered that an other element that contributed to the growth of mass tourism was the introduction of mailboat holidays, which are low priced. He states that the Spanish coastline became covered with hotels and flats funded by foreign financiers who presented low package holidays, which in return consumed less cash as well as non giving sufficient income for the countries balance of payment (Bramwell, 2004). What are the cultural and social impacts of tourism in the coastal areas of Spain? The influences on the civilisation and civilisation of these coastal areas are particularly multidi mensional, intricate and contested. touristry has acquired and provided individuals more financial and social independence from their family. Besides fathers are less powerful in families than before, withal supposing that the family has preserved importance, including as a crushed economic unit that combines assorted sources of income from tourism. Furthermore, it has been argued that tourism has led to depopulation from the villages and a concentration of population in the towns (Bramwell, 2004). Besides, the impacts and consequences of the commercialisation of culture for tourism directs caused many academic discussions.With some depicting this regale as fundamentally destructive of the meaning through which local anaesthetic inhabitants coordinate their lives (Greenwood, 1989 179). Certainly, this tourist commercialisation can affect inhabitants culture, provided it must not be expected that people automatically are incompetent to view as these pressures whether local cultures should somehow kept fixed. Nevertheless, mass tourism changes the behaviour of the inhabitants from the coastal areas. The inhabitants adapt to the tourists behaviour due to the fact that they want to make cash out of these tourists.Tourists wear different clothes, eat different aliment and move differently with each other. An suit is that in restaurants, Dutch, German food can be ordered. With the arrival of the first tourists in the late 1950s, bikinis were prohibited however an exception for tourists was made. The culture in an area changes slowly and lowestly can disappear due to tourism. Although, certain inhabitants of the coastal areas attach to the old-fashioned things, as tourists like to see cultural things such as conventional costumes and traditional dances.Regularly, tourists think that inhabitants of the tourism areas still live like these old traditions, opus this is not the case (van Rooden, 2010). Also other significant influences on changes in their community, in particular the effects of mass media, increasing living standards, and the evolving sensory faculty of environmental concerns (Bramwell, 2003 598). According to Salva Tomas(1991) the rapid growth of tourism in the Spanish Balearic islands has encouraged population expansion. Furthermore the islands appeared as one of the wealthiest regions in southern Europe.Besides, Vidal Bendito (1994) is serious about focusing entirely on the impact of tourism on these islands, as a demographic and economical data shows that the Balearic society modernised already before the beginning of mass tourism. Regarding multinational food chains, McDonalds for example, are global and put an end to the unique quality of a location. Universal forms in music, fashion and films lead to a westernisation of civilisation and cultures. Furthermore, it brings cut back the tourist knowledge and harms the local cultural systems.Above all, in certain countries phantasmal dances may be commercialis ed and promoted, glamorised for western visitors and performed out of context. As well there may be trivialising of local trades such as woodworks and mass production of souvenirs (Bramwell, 2004). What impact does mass tourism have on the economy and environment of Spain? Mass tourism provides more jobs for the local inhabitants in the coastal areas of Spain. The inhabitants of the areas work in restaurants, hotels and cafes. Furthermore, they maintain beach chair rentals and sell souvenirs.Many other benefits have been created through tourism, such as hotels, apartments, roads, railways, waterworks, and restaurants have provided many jobs. Companies from the coastal areas earn lots of money to manufacture and building. Likewise, cleaning companies, travel agencies, great tidy sum companies and information agencies are needed. The local citizen discovered methods and businesses to get income via mass tourism, mainly they own bike rentals, miniature golf courses, or amuse tourists with their speedboats. source) Previously, small fishing villages had a high unemployment however this totally changed by the increment of mass tourism. Therefore, many people are happy with the development of tourism in the coastal areas of Spain (van Rooden, 2010) The socio-economic disadvantages of this industry contain the possibility for revenue effluence from the local economy to tour operators and carriers in origin countries, and its focus of low workers who are badly paid and employed aptly to the rise and decide in tourism (Bramwell, 2004).Frequently, tourism is associated with complications of seasonal job losses and stages of ample hours of intense work, according to Urry (1990 66 88). Therefore, the low payments oft contribute to the forms of differences among the populations of tourist areas. Furthermore, there can be critical differences in the distribution of tourism between parts of capital, for instance between tour operators which operate external, and loca l tourism businesses which are on a smaller scale, as well between different districts. Since the 1960s millions of tourists visit the Spanish coasts.In order to visualize the ever-growing demand, large-scale apartment complexes and hotels along the coasts resurrected. Furthermore, construction of new resorts is continuing nowadays. The matter is that many of these beach destinations along the Spanish coast suffer from skyline pollution. This implies that hotels and apartment complexes will rise in the height and only antecedent accommodations have sea views, which shows that the agricultural policy aimed at rapid growth rather than sustainability. A range of accommodations dates back to the 1950s or 1960s, which oft are expired nowadays.Consequently, outdated accommodations attract young travelers who bargain to for example Salou and Lloret de Mar. However, these inexpensive trips do hardly contribute to the local economy (Stichting elegant Tourism, 2012). To turn to the rapid growth, the environmental and temporal attentiveness of the industry often have enhanced its environmental influences (Shaw&Williams, 1994). The ability of infrastructure in an area exceeded the rapid increase of several resorts at that time. Particularly, the demanding summer months resulted to strong environmental concerns (Sharpley, 2000 283).Occasionally, these concerns display in defects in road facilities and substrates, collection and discard of refuse, sewer collection systems and water purification. Particularly, where local government is not used to the new intensities of demand, where is a lack of applicable competences or is underfinanced (Priestley & Mundet, 1998 92). The conjunction of laws in pro-developments and the absence seizure of implementation and enforcement of the principles of land-use and environmental regulation has occasioned in difficulties such as adorn ilapidation, sea pollution, devastation of ecosystem, loss of useful agrarian land and the mixed b ag of inconsistent land usage (Bramwell, 2004). Moreover, almost all disposable products are imported, which in itself is harmful to the environment. Al disposable items are a vast waste. A tourist produces 50% more waste than a local inhabitant. Additionally, a Spanish citizen uses around 250 liters of water per day, while a tourist uses an average of 900 liters. These numbers include use of swimming pools and golf courses.The broad water consumption of tourists in Spain is a major problem, since the coastal areas already suffer from water scarcity. The wastewater from hotels and other tourist facilities are not handled well. This, in fact is being dumped into the sea a view miles remote from the coast (Stichting Fair Tourism, 2012). While developments along Spanish coasts in second-home and seclusion home are frequently built at lower volume fractions, this reduced spatial concentration itself can have negative consequences. Including, the more major losses of agricultural land and pollution from traffic is an impact of increased travel distances.Furthermore, the developments of tourism contribute to diverse pressures on environmental resources in coastal areas, including the stones and sand used for building materials (Bramwell, 2004). Conclusion establish on the findings presented in the previous part it can be conclude that tourism has played a tremendous role in the coastal areas of Spain. The development of tourism since the late 1950s has caused many changes in those areas and accordingly it has numerous influences in various fields. Since tourism is indispensable, masses of tourists visit the Spanish coastal areas each year.The tourism industry has left its traces and therefore it is in-chief(postnominal) to be awake of this. There are undoubtedly economic benefits from mass tourism as families become more independent. Furthermore, villages become less inhabit as there are many sources of income in the coastal areas. Additionally, mass tourism leads to a westernisation of civilisation and cultures, wherefore it brings down the tourist knowledge and harms the local cultural systems. All in all, it can be utter that tourism has many advantages and disadvantages.When coming to all the above-mentioned facts, there are generally more disadvantages. It has been argued that, it is very important that tourists become more aware of the downside of tourism. Tourists depart every week however the Spanish inhabitants have to deal with all the consequences of tourism, as they will live there all their lives. mark Sheet First Year Writing Assignment Assessment form You must include a copy of this form (2 rascals) with your Report. (Max 84 points)NameSabine Alma English teacher Dymphi van der Hoeven Formatting/ Structure Correct Layout * Font, spacing, page numbering, headers, numbered tables, graphs, charts 1 2 * Proper Table of contents (APA Style) * Title Page (title of report, students name, number, date, assessors name * Table of Contents * The paper (I. B. C. , not on separate pages) * List of Works cited * Grading Sheet and declaration 1 Introduction Movement is from general to peculiar(prenominal) * General background to the topic * Statement of purpose * Preview of the contents of the report 3 12Body * Clear sections with standard phrases that lay out or link in each section * Sufficient affirm (examples, statistics, expert opinions, etc. ) * Ideas from outside sources are relevant, sufficiently elaborated, and synthesized * All findings develop the topic and relate to the purpose/problem statement (no irrelevancies) 6 Conclusion * Review/ summary of the findings (pulling it all together) * Outcome of work = answer to purpose/problem statement (if applicable) * Recommendations, future prospects, personal opinions (if applicable) 3 Correct APA Referencing point of PLAGIARISM = 0 marks for the whole assignment * In-text citation paraphrasing (clearly in students own oral communication) * Direct quotations (no more than 10% of final copy) * Reference list/ works cited or bibliography are correct according to APA 15 Style Formality (appropriate style of language for the assignment) * Written in an audience orientated way * Balance between formal and daily 12Variety and accuracy of vocabulary * Correct choice of row * Vocabulary has variety and interest (avoids using simplistic expressions and or repetition) pithiness * Direct and to the point (avoids using wordy phrases) Coherence * Flow of the sentences is muted (avoids using awkward, ambiguous, confusing sentences) Grammar * Complete sentences (lack of fragments, run-on sentences) * Use of transitional words and phrases (linking or connectors) * Correct word order * Correct use of tenses, verb/noun and peculiar/plural agreement * Correct prepositions, correct word form (i. e. endings) 12 Mechanics * Correct use of capitals, commas * Avoid overuse of bold font, , semi-colon * spell out 3Reference list Bramwe ll, B ( 2004). Coastal Mass tourism. Deversification and sustainable Development in Southern Europe. Clevedon Channel view productions. Bramwell, B. (2003) Maltese responses to tourism. narrative of Tourism Research 30 (3), 581 605. Greenwood, D. J. (1989) Culture by the pound. An anthropological persepctive on tourism as cultural commmoditization. In V. Page, M. , Page, S. , Connell, J. (2009) Tourism A newfangled Synthesis. n. d. Cengage Learning Emea Priesley, G. K. (1995). Evolution of tourism on the Spanish coast. In. G. J. Ashworth and A.G. J Dietvorst Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze. Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London Sage Vidal Bendito, T. (1994) The Balearic population in the twentieth century. In M. R. Carli (ed) Economic and population Trends in the Mediterranean Islands (pp. 129-54). Collana Alti Seminari 5. Naples Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane. Salva Tomas, P. A. (1991) La population des iles Baleares pendent 40 ans de tourisme de masse (1950-198 9). Mediterranee 1, 74 -14. Shaw, G and Williams, A. M. (1994). Critical issues in tourism A geographical persepecitve.Oxford Blackwell. Sharpley, R. (1998). Island Tourism Development. The case of Cyprus. Newcastle centre for Travel tourism, university of Northumbria at Newcastle. Stichting Fair Tourism. (2012). Massa Tourism. Retrieved 30 March, 2012 from http//www. fairtourism. nl/index. php? pagimenu_id=25&pagimenu_Sid=7 Van Rooden, P. (2010) Gevolgen van massatoerisme. Retrieved April 04, 2012 from http//www. schooltv. nl/eigenwijzer/2157310/aardrijkskunde/item/2831006/gevolgen-van-massatoerisme/ Wahab, S, & Pigram J. J. (1997)Tourism, Development and Growth. The

Marketing Mix Netflix Essay

Marketing is a very complex innovation that involves a detailed process. The types of strategies for securities industrying focus on a rear audience and ar directly re newd to what is known as the 4 Ps of the Marketing mix.The Marketing mix has been defined by many as the controllable variables a conjunction mystifys together to foregather its come in market If any parts of a Marketing Mix get reveal of balance, the target market leave be insufficiently served. This model of the Marketing Mix was first introduced by Neil Borden when he make his 1964 article, The Concept of the Marketing Mix. Borden had first started using the phrase in 1949 and claimed that it came to him duration reading a book by James Culliton on the activities of a business executive (netmba.com, 2009). The 4 Ps that the Marketing Mix consists of are convergence, place, promotion, and harm.The term harvest-time refers to tangible, physical outputs, as well as to go. A lot of thought and prel iminary research goes into the type of product a high society willing manufacture, including product specifications, design, and production of the unit. The biggest concern for a business is that they are able to introduce their product at the remove time, when the consumers commands are greatest. A product will more(prenominal) often than not go through a life cycle, much like a human life cycle, consisting of four polar stages introduction, growth, maturity, and pedigree. After the developmental period, a product is introduced or launched into the market. At this stage, the need for immediate profit is not a pressure the product is promoted to create awareness. In the growth stage, competitors are attracted into the market with very similar offerings.Products become more profitable and companies may form alliances, joint ventures, or take each other over. The currency spent on advertising is high and its focus is on create brand recognition. In the maturity stage, sales will grow at a decreasing rate and then stabilize. Producers will try to secernate products and brands, while bell wars and enthusiastic challenger will occur. At the decline stage, on that point is a downturn in the market where there is intense terms-cutting and many more products are withdrawn from the market. Profits offer be improved by reducing the amount spent on marketing and product promotion. However, very few products follow much(prenominal) a normative cycle. The length of each stagevaries enormously and not all products will go through all stages (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2005).Place represends the location where a product faeces be purchased. It is often referred to as the distri preciselyion channel. It can entangle any physical store as well as realistic stores on the Internet. Place is excessively an authorised part of marketing. The product or answer needs to be accessible to customers, especially its target market. a lot times there are no need f or an actual store location, as many very prospered companies offer just online services or products. In these instances, products or services are much more convenient and cheaper to the customer because of the lower overhead costs.Promotion represents all of the communications that a marketer may insert into the marketplace. This can include TV, radio, and fool advertising, as well as coupons, direct mail, billboards, and online advertising. Often times we conjecture of marketing as just the promotion or sales part, only when the other 3 factors are often times just as important, if not more important. Promotion is the advertising of the actual product or service. One must consider who the audience is and what the best right smart is to target them. This could include television advertisements, radio advertisements, mailing and so on. There is no one best way to advertise, it really depends on the product and its audience. This is a very important aspect of marketing, and ofte n times a trustworthy or bad promotional campaign can make or break a product or service (Perreault, Jr. & McCarthy,2005).The last-place P in the marketing mix is Pricing, which is the most difficult constituent to determine. A Companys requirement for net income and its objectives for long-term market control mostly influence a price strategy. In appendix to the primary goal of making money, a company can restrain many different pricing objectives and strategies. Larger companies may utilize product pricing in a predatory or defensive fashion, to blow or defend against a competitor. If a product is of premium flavor and has unique features and benefits, a premium price may be obligatory to reinforce the premium brand image.High prices confirm perceptions of high set in consumer minds. A good pricing strategy will too indicate guidelines foraction in the case of price increases or decreases (managementhelp.com, 2009). A company may want to consider temporarily delaying nec essary price increases driven by supplier and ingredient price increases, and instead, take affordable, littler profit margins. If competitors are increasing prices and one company decided not to, this could be a temporary advantage for that company since sales record may increase.To set the best price for a product, a company will need to review the essentials of their business with an eye as to how they will affect price. A company must know their customer base, because the separate a company understands the wants, needs, beliefs, and values of its customers, the easier it will be to accurately price their product. A company will then need to assess their competition and see how their product relates to those similar offerings. Next, a company will need to determine their production costs and develop a marketing plan, both for short and long-term. Distribution costs must be factored into the final price of the product, as well. Once these elements are considered, a pricing strat egy can be more easily determined.One very successful company that utilizes the 4 Ps of marketing extremely well is Netflix. The company virtually singlehandedly brought its competitors to their knees. These companies, including Blockbuster have since recovered and began offering a similar service, but Netflix had the marketing plan in place and rolled it out so efficiently that it really caught its competitors by surprise.Netflix is a little tricky when it comes to the product. It offers the service of photographic film rentals, but in a more convenient way than the traditional movie rental stores such as Blockbuster or Hollywood Video. In 1999, Netflix came up with an online movie subscription with no late fees. This gave pack the convenience of receiving the movies they wanted to see right in their mailbox. No overnight did you have to search through the isle for a movie that was already rented out.Netflix does not offer a place where a customer can come pickup his or herorde r, instead everything gets conveniently shipped to each customer via United States Postal Service. This makes it convenient for just about anyone to use because there does not have to be a local store or shipping location around. Customers are able to place orders right online, which is a convenient and private way to pick the DVDs that they desire to view.The promotion of Netflix was generally done through television advertisements. They targeted television watchers, who for the most part also watch movies. Their catchy marketing claimed No Due Dates and No late Fees, which was very appealing to consumers who were tired of paying late fees with their current movie rental stores (Netflix, 2009). It also offered the convenience of No shipping or use charges, which made it just as competitive as the other places.The prices that Netflix charges its customers are very competitive to the current market of DVD rentals. They have different options to suit different needs. According to th eir website, they have a plan beginning as low as only $4.99 per month. This plan allows viewing of up to 5 movies. For customers who want to watch more movies per month, they offer other plans also, such as the $17.99 a month plan that allows 3 movies to be out at a time. Once one movie is returned, another is sent out in its place. These different plans offer a wide variety of choices to fit different budgets.Marketing is an important element for any business. By analyzing the four Ps of product, price, place, and promotion, an validation can achieve a successful marketing campaign. Whether the business is a small mom and pop organization or a major corporation, marketing can play an important role in its success. Understanding the marketing mix will put an organization on the road toward success and profitability.Referenceshttp//www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/. Retrieved June 8, 2009.http//www.managementhelp.org/mrktng/pricing/pricing.htm. Retrieved June 5, 2009.Lamb, Charles W., Hair, Joseph F., & McDaniel, Carl. (2005). Essentials of Marketing (4th ed.). Mason, Ohio South-Western.Perreault, Jr., William D., & McCarthy, E. Jerome. (2005). Basic Marketing (15th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill, Irwin.http//ir.netflix.com/. Retrieved June 6, 2009.